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JACKSON AVW (1938) The identity regarding Mani, the brand new maker of Manichaeism
Even if present it’s as though he was basically absent, and though alive it is as if the guy was in fact lifeless
Journal of your own Western Oriental People 58: 235-forty. Supposed representations out of Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Le, try chatted about, having planning of your traditions detailed by al-Nadim (creating c. 987 Ce) you to definitely Mani are lame both in ft or perhaps in his right toes. You to heritage might be supported by retranslation regarding a term when you look at the the new Pahlavi Denkart (3.two hundred, 1-13) (select Dinkard, above), applying the title ‘broken’ otherwise ‘crippled’ to Mani (come across below, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [New Lepers, new Lame, brand new Blind, and the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) try a respected, important and you can significantly unappealing blogger having ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), at the Basra (now in Iraq), whoever works could have been far cited across the Arab industry. Right here, based on Michael Dols, the guy discussed “real infirmities like facial skin problems, lameness, paralysis, and you may deafness and personal attributes for example balding, leanness, and you may ugliness.” Their point were to demonstrate that “physical infirmities and you may peculiarities do not impede just one out of getting a totally effective person in the new Muslim community otherwise pub him out of essential practices. Al-Jahiz managed that physical problems aren’t personal stigmas but are what are named signs of divine blessing or choose.” (Meters Dols, 1983, This new leper into the Medieval Islamic community. Speculum 58: 891-916, to your p. 901) Even with their own contact with negative personal responses, al-Jahiz in another of his top-recognized work, ‘The Miracle out-of Creation’, penned harshly from the social aspects of deafness. Besides the deaf individuals loss of tunes, “Folks are bored inside the team in which he was an encumbrance on it. He’s unable to tune in to all mans tales and you may talks. ” (cited because of the F. Haj, Disability during the Antiquity, q.v., p. 159). Another commentator notes one to “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is among the most difficult works by Jahiz, as well as issue is nearly unique inside historical Arabic books. (Around doesn’t seem to be an enthusiastic English translation available at present).
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JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Existence within the Old Asia since the Portrayed regarding Jain Canons. Bombay: The newest Book Company. Ailment and you can therapy, also certain disabilities, out of Jaina source (pp. 178-81). Those with handicaps, plus rational retardation, was excluded away from signing up for religious requests (194). See Tattvartha Sutra, below; together with second a few factors).
[JAINA Messages] Gaina Sutras interpreted away from Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and you can 1895), SBE twenty two & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [The SBE series made use of a keen italicised ‘G’ in place of ‘J’, for certain causes. Here ‘Gaina’ might have been reinserted in the normal alphabetical buy for comfort.] – This new Akaranga Sutra (in the vol. I), away from probably the 5th century Ce, varme rumensk amerikanske jenter jenter gave training having an effective holy and innocuous lifestyle. Impairment and you may impairment arrive, age.g. “towards destruction of the thinking of your own ear canal, eyes, organs off smell, tasting, coming in contact with, a person gets conscious of the newest refuse out of life” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk We (2) 1]. Fresh fruit off completely wrong serves into the earlier existence are: “Boils and you may leprosy, usage, shedding illness, blindness and you may firmness, lameness and you can humpbackedness, Dropsy and you can dumbness, research! apoplexy (?) and attention-state, moving and you can crippledness, elephantiasis and you may diabetic issues, They are 16 sickness enumerated during the owed acquisition; along with all of them of a lot problems and you will wounds can be found.” (I: 54) [Bk I (6) step 1.] Yet , best-inclined anyone is always to take care to fool around with inoffensive terms when conference anyone with including criteria. They “cannot talk of these along these lines: ‘He has got boils or leprosy, etc [incorporating the fresh terminology revealed significantly more than]; their give is reduce, otherwise his ft, nostrils, ear, lip is actually cut.’ To possess due to the fact all the such people, verbal so you can such code, getting enraged, hence, considering better, they must maybe not talk to all of them this kind of language.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The latest Uttaradhyayana Sutra (in Vol. II) together with notes disability having ageing, “Should your system increases dated, as well as your hair transforms light, the efficacy of your ears reduces”, furthermore into sight, nostrils, language, touch (II: p. 44)