Alternatively, Slovenian grammatical gender try completely grammaticalized and may also or might not convergence with biological sex

As well as the male suffix -ec, that was above mentioned by the Vidovic-Muha (), the analysis including refers to brand new Slovenian male suffix -ar

The initial the main report means the derivation from feminine and you can masculine nouns to have professions inside the English and you can Slovenian. The analysis shows that the fresh new dominant sorts of feminine nouns from inside the each other languages concerns derivation thru affixation, if you are English also features compounding. Masculinatives is unusual in languages; they are generally designed regarding procedures which have been generally believed an element of the women industries. The new suffix is not productive but could still be noticed in the definition of babicar (‘male midwife’). The most effective difference between the 2 dialects is that modern English appears to be abandoning the usage gender-noted forms (apart from the new unusual feminatives you to definitely will still be), whereas into the Slovenian, while the evidenced because of the corpus investigation, the employment of feminatives is on the rise. The cause of which asymmetry was rooted in that English has actually a close non-existent grammatical gender system, and in most cases spends a similar terminology to describe a great male or female doing work in a particular community. Hence, in the example of female referents the aid of female nouns became prominent, because the means to access male common versions is on the newest refuse.

Our very own corpus data shows that the difference anywhere between male and you will feminine nouns for professions should be shown of the investigating their collocators, semantic choices, and you will semantic associations (Sinclair 1996 and you can Philip 2010).

Slovenian nouns denoting professions enjoys clear referents regarding gender, in addition to their contemporary play with – confirmed in corpora – suggests an obvious desire with the contract between grammatical and you can physical genders

This new collocators out of English male and you will women nouns on the looked at procedures (actress/star, policewoman/policeman when you look at the waitress/waiter) implies that it show specific semantic environment: relevant procedures; towns and cities and you will surroundings of the job; personal labels; words describing the standard of what they do; as well as the regular steps for the field. Particular specific associative significance are also revealed if we glance at the new collocators discussing human characteristics and appear. New feminatives usually co-exists that have phrases having stereotypically female character traits and you can identity (plus sexual

connotations). This really is in line with Caldas-Coulthard and Moon (2010), exactly who establish for example asymmetries which have stereotypes from gender, sexualization of women, including as we age and you will habits.

Slovenian masculine/female sets to possess professions let you know equivalent conclusions. Away from semantic preference, we can observe expressions associated with typical strategies; normal places and you will surroundings; associated procedures; personality traits; and look. Yet the corpus analysis together with reveal certain significant distinctions. The fresh new sets away from Slovenian male and you will women nouns making reference to procedures is divided into a few teams. The original that constitutes sets that will be semantically similar and you may stylistically un), as the pairs on next class try at the mercy of (a level of) semantic narrowing and you will stylistic establishing.

A model to the earliest category is the partners zdravnica/zdravnik (‘female/male doctor’), each of that will co-are present having words talking about the type of performs, typical steps and you will related specialities. The female nouns such pairs are stylistically unmarked. An identical end would be hit on pairs sodnica/sodnik (‘female/men judge’) and you will vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‘female/male preschool teacher’), but with good caveat. The type of the two sodnica/sodnik convergence in the industries out of legislation and you can athletics; however, the information and knowledge and reflect the latest societal condition of your occupation – one ranks (age.grams., constitutional evaluator) are generally arranged for males. The pair vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be defined as a borderline case between designated and you can unmarked meaning. This new corpus studies highly recommend a degree of semantic narrowing and you can stylistic marking: the definition out of “professor for the students dormitory” means men, as access to Hvorfor ikke prГёve her adjectives (patient women and tight guys) points to gender stereotyping.